REGULATIONS FOR DIVING OPERATIONS
BULLETIN NO. 4
COMMON PROVISIONS FOR DIVING OPERATIONS
CONSULTATION DOCUMENT
A national project is being undertaken to harmonize occupational safety and health (OSH) standards in Canada. The objective of the project is to develop greater consistency and harmonization in the rules governing OSH across Canada, and improving safety and health of workers while recognizing the need to consider the impact on competitiveness.
The 0SH Harmonization Project is overseen by an Intergovernmental Working Group (IWG). One of two pilot projects initiated by the IWG Is the harmonization of standards for occupational diving operations. A working group consisting of government members and labour and management members who represent the various occupational diving sectors was established to develop common provisions for diving operations.
The working group is interested In receiving your comments on the common provisions they are proposing, which are outlined in the attached consultation document. The provisions are not intended to be a model regulation but rather a guideline to assist regulators in developing harmonized standards.
The purpose of the consultation is to give interested parties and regulators, who have not directly participated in the working group, the opportunity to review and to provide comments on the proposed provisions. The working group will consider all comments when they develop their final report for the IWG. The report will recommend the provisions that the working group believes the jurisdictions should adopt. The IWG will make recommendations regarding the Implementation of the provisions to federal / provincial / territorial Deputy Ministers and Ministers of Labour / Occupational Safety and Health.
The proposed common provisions focus on controlling or eliminating the hazards which may be encountered by divers and on the health and safety requirements for the different types of diving techniques. For the most part these are technical provisions. They do not include the overall legislative duties of the various workplace parties as these are determined by enabling legislation, legal drafting practices, etc. which will vary from one jurisdiction to another.
The basis for the common provisions being proposed by the working group was a review of the technical requirements in current diving standards in each jurisdiction and CSA Standard Z275.2-92., Occupational Safety Code for Diving Operations.
The document presents an outline of some 300 provisions which have been developed and agreed to by the working group. In addition there are a number of issues where there are varying opinions and where consensus has not been reached within the working group. These opinions are outlined in the document. The working group is interested in receiving comments on all provisions and issues.
Please send your written comments by August 1, 1996 to:
Secretariat
Diving Harmonization Working Group
Regulation Development Unit
Ontario Ministry of Labour
7th Floor 400 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario
M7Y 1T7
FAX: (416) 326-7889
Tel.: (416) 323-7923/7928
FOREWORD
Occupational Diving
Underwater work takes place in what can be one of the most hazardous and hostile environments. Lack of life supporting oxygen is only the most obvious hazard. Divers also routinely deal with high pressures, cold temperatures, and poor visibility. Currents, entrapment, and surface vessels are other hazards unique to the diving environment. It is not surprising, therefore, to find these hazards reflected in the fatality statistics for the diving industry. In Canada, in a work force of only a few thousand divers, there have been more than 50 occupational diving fatalities since 1975. This is about twenty times the rate in construction, one of the most hazardous land-based industries.
Another way of comparing the hazards in diving with other industries is to look at the ratio of accidents (and near-accidents) to fatalities. On average, several hundred accidents occur in industry for every fatality or disabling injury. In diving the ratio is about five to one. This is not to say that diving operations cannot be carried out safely, only that, in contrast to other work activities, there is almost no margin for error in diving. Procedures for the control of diving hazards are well known and the safety record of some sectors of the industry is exemplary. But when proper procedures and controls are not strictly adhered to, the result too often is the death of divers. This document outlines minimum standards for carrying out safe diving operations.
Harmonization Project
A national project is being undertaken to harmonize occupational safety and health (OSH) standards in Canada. The constitution Act gives primary responsibility for OSH to provincial and territorial governments. As a result, notable differences have arisen across the country as each jurisdiction has worked independently to develop specific OSH provisions. The objectives of the harmonization project are to make the rules governing OSH across Canada more uniform and to do it in a way that improves the health and safety of workers without jeopardizing international competitiveness.
The OSH Harmonization Project is overseen by an Intergovernmental Working Group (IWG), made up of officials from the Federal and six provincial governments. The IWG has initiated two harmonization pilot projects. One deals with diving operations, the other with confined spaces. Two separate tripartite working group have been established to develop common provisions in these areas. It is intended that the common provisions, when finalized, will be adopted by regulators in the various jurisdictions across Canada and provide the basis for a harmonized national standard.
The working group for diving operations comprises representatives of government and members from labour and employer groups that are broadly representative of occupational diving sectors across the country. The names of working group members and their affiliations are listed in the Appendix. Over the last 18 months, the working group has reviewed diving legislation, standards and guidelines currently being used in Canada and developed the set of common provisions in this document.
Common -Provisions
The IWG, in its directions to the harmonization working groups, defined "common provisions" as a set of "proposed regulatory requirements that will guide authorities responsible for developing and drafting regulations in each jurisdiction". The key words here are "proposed" and "guide". The common provisions are not intended to be a model regulation. Rather they are what the working group Views as the minimum measures and procedures necessary for the protection of occupational divers.
The proposed common provisions focus on the control or elimination of diving hazards and define the health and safety requirements for different types of diving techniques. For the most part these are technical provisions. What has not been considered are the legislative duties of the various workplace parties (worker, employer, supervisor, etc.), spelled out in enabling legislation, administrative procedures, and legal drafting practices. These will vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and inevitably affect the form taken by each jurisdiction's requirements. However, if there is agreement on the common provisions proposed by the working group, the technical content of diving requirements across the country should be substantially the same, despite some differences in form.
The basis for the common provisions being proposed by the working group was a review of the technical requirements in current diving standards in each jurisdiction, and the CSA Standard Z.275.2-92, Occupational Safety Code for Diving Operations.
The provisions are proposed for the following:
With one exception, the common provisions are to be applied equally to all sectors. The exception is for scientific diving. "Scientific diving" is defined in the document as "diving performed to collect specimens or data for scientific use under the auspices of an educational or research institute operating in-accordance with the Canadian Association for Underwater Science (CAUS) Standard of Practice for Scientific Diving". The. nature of scientific diving (i.e., non-competitive in the commercial sense), the high level of responsibility of the institutions engaged in it, the education and motivation of scientific divers, and the role played by the CAUS have combined to produce a safety record that the working group considers justification for giving this sector special consideration in the provisions regarding diving team roles. Accordingly, in scientific diving operations, the person in charge at the surface would not have to be a diver and buddy divers could serve as standby divers for each other.
Organization of Document
The document contains some 300 provisions organized into 11 sections. The sections are arranged in order from general requirements that would apply to all diving operations to the more specific. Individual sections (and subsections) contain a statement in boldface type of what the general objectives of particular provisions are. These statements are followed by the actual provisions, which are intended to meet the objectives in the boldface statements. The working group was unable to reach consensus on a number of provisions that relate to the size and duties of diving crews. These nonconsensus provisions are marked as such.
(CADC Editor Note: The numbers following the sections are the actual page numbers in the document. If you have any comments, use these page numbers and heading references.)1. INTERPRETATION
The following definitions should apply,
"adequate" in relation to a procedure, material, device, object or any other thing, means sufficient for its intended and actual use and sufficient to protect a worker from damage to the worker's body or health, and "adequately" has a corresponding meaning;
"atmospheric diving" means diving where the diver is always at one atmosphere;
"atmospheric diving system (ADS)" means a diving system designed to withstand external pressures greater than one atmosphere while the internal pressure remains at one atmosphere, and includes a one-person submarine and the one atmosphere chamber of a lock-out submersible;
"bail-out system" means an emergency breathing mixture supply worn by a diver;
"bottom time" means the total elapsed time measured in minutes, from the time a descending diver leaves the surface to the time the diver begins final ascent, rounded to the next whole minute;
"breathing mixture" means a mixture of gases for human respiration and includes pure oxygen;
"competent person" means a person who is qualified by knowledge, training and experience to organize the work and its performance and has knowledge of any potential or actual danger to health and safety in the work place.
"decompression" means the procedure that a diver follows during the ascent from depth in order to minimize the risk of decompression illness;
"deep diving" means diving to depths greater than 165 feet;
"dive site" means a surface location at which diving personnel and equipment are located in support of the underwater work site;
"diver" means,
(a) an atmospheric diving system operator. and
(b) a worker who performs work underwater at any pressure greater than
one-atmosphere, and includes a standby diver who dives in the event of a health or safety emergency;
"diver's tender" means a person who assists a diver at the dive site by monitoring the diver's equipment, communicating with the diver and otherwise monitoring the diver's health and safety;
"diving operation" means work performed underwater by divers or work performed on the surface in support of divers. and includes underwater inspection, investigation. excavation, construction, alteration, repair or maintenance of equipment, machine, structures or ships and the salvage of sunken property, police, rescue, seafood harvesting, aquaculture and scientific diving;
"employer associated with a diving operation" means an employer of,
(a) a diver who participates in the - diving operation,
(b) a standby diver who participates in the diving operation,
(c) a diver's tender who participates in the diving operation,
(d) a diving, supervisor for the diving operation,
(e) a hyperbaric chamber operator who participates in the diving operation,
(f) a life support technician who participates in the diving operation, or
(g) any other worker who participates in the diving operation at or near the dive site or underwater work site;
"hyperbaric chamber" means a pressure vessel and associated equipment designed for pressures greater than one atmosphere;
"lifeline" means a safety rope that is used to tether a diver and is strong enough to support 10 times the weight of the dressed-in diver and in any case has a breaking strength of not less than 1400kg;
"liveboating" means a diving operation conducted from a vessel with an activated propulsion system, whether the vessel is stationary or moving;
"locked-out" means made inoperable by means that are under the direct control of the diving supervisor or a person authorized by the diving supervisor;
"lock-out submersible" (LOS) means a self-propelled submersible that is fitted with a submersible compression chamber from which a diving operation can be carried out and that has a separate one-atmosphere chamber from which the submersible is operated;
"mixed gas" means a breathing mixture other than air;
"non-saturation diving" means diving in which decompression occurs during ascent from the underwater work site;
"saturation diving" means diving in which the decompression procedure used allows an unlimited bottom time;
"saturation chamber" means a hyperbaric chamber that is equipped to permit divers to remain under pressure for an unlimited period of time;
"scientific diving" means diving performed to collect specimens or data for scientific use under the auspices of an educational or research institute operating in accordance with the Canadian Association for Underwater Science Standard of Practice for Scientific Diving. Scientific diving does not include diving conducted for construction, including excavation, salvage, demolition, destruction, maintenance, repair or inspection of underwater structures, nor the collection of organisms for consumption or commercial use;
"scientific diving buddy" means one or the other person in a two diver scientific diving team, each of which are in immediate proximity to and in visual contact with the other, and able to immediately assist the other in the event of an emergency;
"scientific surface safety attendant" means a person who has a current training in C.P.R. and first aid, is knowledgeable in managing diving emergencies, understands the operational and contingency plans of the diving operation, is aware of local hazards, is located at the dive site and who has the authority to abort the dive if there is any risk to the health and safety of the divers;
"stage" means a cage, basket, platform or other device in or on which a diver may be lowered to or raised from an underwater work site but does not include a submersible compression chamber, an atmospheric diving system or a lock-out submersible;
"standby diver" means a person who is prepared to rescue a submerged diver should rescue become necessary;
"submersible compression chamber (SCC)" means a hyperbaric chamber that has the capacity to transport divers at pressures greater than one atmosphere from the surface to an underwater work site and back and includes a submersible compression chamber that is part of a lock-out submersible;
"submersible compression chamber attendant" means a diver in a submersible compression chamber who,
(a) assists a diver who has exited from the chamber by monitoring the diver's equipment, monitoring the diver's health and safety and communicating with the diving
supervisor,
(b) stands by prepared to rescue a diver who has exited from the chamber should rescue become necessary;
"surface-supplied diving" means diving where the diver is supplied with a breathing mixture through an umbilical bundle, whether or not a submersible compression chamber is used;
"umbilical " means a composite of hoses, wires and cables designed to supply services, such as breathing mixtures, power, heat and communications, from the surface to a diver or to a submersible compression chamber;
"underwater work site" means the underwater location where work is performed;
"water control structure" includes dams, head gates, stop logs, turbine intake/outfall gates, pump intake/discharge gates, valves and piping;
"wet bell" means a stage that is equipped with a dry upper compartment.
2.0 GENERAL
2.1 Application
The use of diving techniques, equipment and procedures that are not permitted by these common provisions should be allowed in the case of an unforeseen emergency, where such use provides the only available practicable means of ensuring or enhancing the safety of persons involved in the diving operation.
2.2 Planning
All diving team members must be made aware of the purpose of the dive, the procedures involved in the operation, and what to do in case of an emergency, and such information must be in writing, and available at the diving site.
A written operational and contingency plan should be prepared to specify procedures and requirements with input from the diving supervisor and other dive team members, as follows;
for each type of dive in which a worker is likely to engage,
to counter any known hazards, and
that incorporates all requirements of these "common provisions".
2.2.1 Operational Plan
describes tasks to be done and how they are to be done,
states how hazards that could be encountered are to be identified and controlled,
states which law enforcement agencies (e.g. where appropriate, police, harbour, commissions, harbour masters, navigable water authorities), industrial plants, water control facilities are to be given notice of the dive.
2.2.2 Contingency Plan
includes instructions for communicating with medical assistance in an emergency,
outlines emergency procedures for;
_ evacuation of an injured diver from the dive site,
_ responding to the loss of communication with a diver,
_ responding to any significant failure of a component of any diving equipment,
_ responding to hazardous environmental conditions,
_ aborting a dive,
_ responding to any inability of an offshore dive site to maintain its station.
a back-up SCC or ADS with adequate depth capability that can be deployed quickly enough to effect a rescue within 24 hours of an emergency if required.
2.3 Roles of Diving Personnel
The duties and responsibilities of each member of the dive team must be identified during the planning stages of a diving operation.
2.3.1 Supervisor
planning the dive(s),
briefing the crew,
selection of a suitable site for the dive,
ensuring that appropriate warning devices are displayed to define the area of a
diving operation,
ensuring all necessary equipment is available and in good operating condition,
ensuring that there is an adequate number of competent persons at the dive site,
supervising the entire diving operation and ensuring all requirements are met,
remaining in the immediate dive area at all times when a dive is in progress,
delegating his/her responsibility to another supervisor when required to enter the
water or not diving unless there is an emergency,
suspending diving operations when conditions become unsafe, and
supervising diving compression/ therapeutic decompression in accordance with
decompression procedures and tables.
Briefing of the crew includes;
operational and contingency plans,
intended duration of dive,
maximum depth to be reached,
decompression procedures to be followed,
locations of other divers,
the work to be done,
specific recall signals,
emergency procedures to be followed if required, and
hazards that could be encountered and procedures for their control.
When scientific SCUBA diving operations are carried out, the supervisor may dive if a scientific surface safety attendant is present at the surface.
1. THE SEAFOOD HARVEST INDUSTRY FEEL THAT IT IS NOT NECESSARY FOR THE DIVING SUPERVISOR TO BE LOCATED ON THE SURFACE.
2. THEY FEEL THAT A SURFACE TENDER TRAINED IN EMERGENCY SERVICES AND KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT THE OPERATION, AND NOT HAVING DIVING EXPERIENCE, IS SUFFICIENT. (LIKELY THE BOAT CAPTAIN)
2.3.2 Divers, Standby Divers
be competent and fit to do the work,
if unfit to dive, promptly inform the supervisor and not dive or act as a standby
diver,
Before participating in a diving operation;
_ understand the operational and contingency plans,
be aware of hazards,
_ have a diving logbook at the dive site and available for inspection by an
inspector,
_ have undergone the required medical examination and have a physician's
statement at the dive site and available for inspection by an inspector
_ not be fatigued or impaired,
_ be satisfied that all workers associated with the diving operation have
adequate understanding of the operational and contingency plans, and
_ check all necessary personal equipment and ensure it is functioning properly at the dive site immediately before the dive.
During the diving operation;
_ notify the diver's tender, supervisor and any diving partner at onset of any
equipment malfunction or distress of any submerged diver and terminate
the dive in co-ordination with the supervisor, and
_ not remain at any depth longer than the maximum time planned for the depth of the dive except in a health and safety emergency,
After the diving operation;
_ stay under observation at the dive site for at least one hour after a
decompression dive,
_ remain at dive site for such longer time as supervisor requires if supervisor believes diver should remain under observation for more than one hour,
_ remain under observation in the general area of the decompression
chamber following completion of a saturation dive, for;
* at least 24 hours after decompression, or
* such longer period as is sufficient in the opinion of the diving supervisor to ensure the well-being of the diver, and
_ except for an emergency evacuation, not fly in an aircraft for;
* 12 hours following a no-decompression dive, or
* 24 hours following a decompression dive, or such longer period that the supervisor considers necessary to ensure diver does not suffer decompression sickness, unless the decompression profile is in accordance with the flying altitude of the previous dives.
2.3.3 Standby Divers
be adequately trained with respect to the depths and circumstances of the dive
should a rescue become necessary.
be knowledgeable about;
_ the operational and contingency plans,
_ diving equipment to be used,
_ diving signals to be used,
_ in-water decompression procedures to be used, and
_ any emergency procedures.
be adequately dressed and have adequate diving and communication equipment
checked, ready and at hand, having regard for the depths and the circumstances
in which he/she would have to operate should a rescue become necessary,
if using SCUBA, be equipped with a lifeline that is at least 10 feet longer than
the diver's lifeline,
if using surface-supplied equipment, be equipped with an umbilical bundle that is
at least 10 feet longer than the diver's,
not be assigned duties other than;
_ as a standby diver,
_ where acting as a supervisor, as a supervisor, or
_ communicating with a submerged diver, and
not dive except in an emergency,
not be assigned any other duties that might interfere with his/her duties as a standby diver,
be immediately available at the dive site,
When scientific SCUBA Diving operations are carried out, the standby diver may be the scientific diving buddy if the diving conditions and circumstances for this variance are present
( see 6.5 Standby Diver, Scientific Diving Buddy).
THE SEAFOOD HARVEST INDUSTRY FEEL THAT THE STANDBY DIVER SHOULD BE ABLE TO DIVE AS A WORKER AND NOT DEVOTE HIS/HER ATTENTION TO THE DUTIES OF A STANDBY DIVER.
2.3.4 Diver's Tender
be acceptable to the diver,
be knowledgeable about;
_ the operational and contingency plans,
_ diving equipment to be used,
_ diving signals to be used,
_ in-water decompression procedures to be used, and
_ any emergency procedures, and
not be assigned to duties other than;
_ as a diver's tender,
_ when acting as a supervisor, as a supervisor, and
_ as an operator of a compressor and associated equipment.
THE SEAFOOD HARVEST INDUSTRY FEEL THAT THE DIVER'S TENDER SHOULD BE ABLE TO CARRY OUT OTHER DUTIES.(e.g. GRADE AND PACK SEAFOODPRODUCT AWAY FROM THE DIVE STATION)
2.3.5 Other Diving Personnel
Additional diving team members may be required because of increased depths, diving techniques used or the complexity of the operation.
2.4 Transportation from Diving Station
When diving is done from a diving station located more than 7 feet above the water, divers must be transported through the air water interface by a stage, cage, basket, platform or wet bell.
The stage, cage, basket, platform or wet bell on which a diver is lowered or raised from an underwater work site, and any associated hoisting devices and tackle should;
only be used for the purpose for which they are designed,
not create a hazard,
be dedicated to the diving operation until the dive is completed, and
meet hoisting and man-rating specifications were applicable.
2..5 Inspection of Equipment
Diving equipment and life-support systems must be examined frequently during their use and tested at prescribed intervals, to ensure operating integrity.
Diving equipment should be examined at least once a day by a competent person, and where appropriate, any pump, compressor, cylinder or pipeline used to carry breathing mixture should be tested and found to be free of leaks.
Only diving equipment that has been examined and, where appropriate, subjected to a pressure leak test should be used. The pressure leak test should use an appropriate breathing mixture to a pressure that is not less than six atmospheres absolute and, where the maximum working pressure that may be encountered during any dive is greater than six atmospheres absolute, to the maximum pressure plus one atmosphere;
not more than three months prior to the day on which the equipment is to be used,
on mobilization and assembly of the equipment, and
following any repair, replacement, or alteration of the equipment that might affect its safety.
Diving equipment should not be used unless;
the following examinations and tests have been carried out and certificates related to the examinations and tests have been attached to the daily record, and
not more than 24 hours before use, the equipment has been examined in accordance with the applicable procedures manual and found to be in good working order.
A compression chamber should be subjected to;
not more than two years prior to the day on which it is to be used, a pressure leak test to the maximum working pressure of the chamber using an appropriate breathing mixture, and
not more than five years prior to the date on which it is to be used, to an internal pressure test of at least 1.25 times the maximum working pressure of the chamber.
A pressure vessel for compressed gases that is not intended to be immersed in water, including compressed gas cylinders, should be subjected to;
a test every five years either hydrostatically or by a test approved by Transport Canada and, at least once every two years, the cylinders to be visually inspected internally and externally by an agency acceptable to the regulatory authority.
A pressure vessel for compressed gases that is intended to be immersed in water, including compressed gas cylinders should be subjected to;
a test every five years either hydrostatically or by a test approved by Transport Canada and, at least once in each year, the cylinders to be visually inspected internally and externally by an agency acceptable to the regulatory authority.
2.6 Identification of the Work Site
When diving work in progress, the area must be identified with warning devices and notices placed in appropriate areas to identify where diving operations are being carried out.
When a diving operation is in progress warning devices should be displayed as follows;
buoys, lights, flags, lamps, barriers, placards or flares to define the limits to be kept clear of any equipment other than that connected to the diving operation, and
in navigable water, flags and lights in accordance with regulatory authorities.
On vessels, notices should be posted on the bridge and in the engine room.
3. EQUIPMENT
Diving equipment must be designed for its specific purpose, repaired in accordance with manufacturers recommended procedures and tested by a competent person.
3.1 General
Equipment should be;
adequate for the job,
of sound construction,
of adequate strength,
free from patent defects,
maintained,
tested, repaired, recorded by a competent person in accordance with the manufacturer's recommended procedures, and
constructed to ensure that there is no malfunction due to low air or water temperatures, or by expansion of air or gas.
Written material necessary for the maintenance and operation of equipment should be kept at the dive site.
3.2 Gauges and Metering Equipment
Gauges and metering devices must be tested annually to ensure accuracy.
Equipment should be tested annually by a competent person or when a discrepancy is indicated and any malfunction should be rectified immediately or the equipment should be taken out of service and tagged.
3.3 Compressor and System Requirements
In order to ensure adequate breathing air, compressors must be sized for the diving depth and type of diving equipment used, and must be free of contaminates, such as oil or carbon monoxide.
The breathing air supply should meet the requirements of section 3.8 of CSA Standard
Z275.2-92, Occupational Safety Code for Diving Operations or equivalent.
The compressors and associated equipment supplying breathing mixture should meet CSA Standards Z275.1-93, Hyperbaric Facilities and B-51, Code For The Construction and Inspection of Pressure Vessels, or equivalent.
A compressor should;
maintain a breathing mixture of at least twice the required volume, at a pressure at least 25% greater than the maximum pressure needed to supply the breathing mixture,
discharge the mixture through purification filters into a receiver of adequate volume, and
be operated by a competent person, who can ensure that the equipment is operating adequately.
3.4 Oxygen Installations
Oxygen percentages must be kept at safe levels to protect the workers from risk of explosions and fire.
An oxygen supply system should be designed to;
specifically to supply oxygen,
minimize contamination, and
deliver oxygen at no more than 150 pounds per square inch above the pressure of the maximum diving depth.
The system should;
be adequate for the operation,
not have quick opening valves except for the emergency shut-off, and
be clean.
Oxygen storage facilities should be;
ventilated,
posted with warning signs,
equipped with an adequate means of extinguishing fires,
maintained, and
located away from combustible materials.
3.5 Lifelines
Lifelines must be designed for the specific purpose of recovering an injured or incapacitated diver, used in a manner so as to ensure the continuous safety of the diver and monitored, in order to confirm the well being of the diver.
Lifelines should be;
secured to a harness to prevent loss of contact with the diver,
secured at the surface to a safe anchorage point,
monitored or tended at all times by a tender,
of sufficient strength, and
free of knots and splices.
3.6 Communications
Reliable communications must be available between the diver and the surface, and may be lifeline signals for shallow, simple dives or voice communications for more hazardous, and deeper dives.
An effective two-way communication system should be used for communication between submerged divers and;
the dive site, or
the supervisor, where the supervisor is in a one-atmosphere chamber lock-out submersible.
The two-way system should be;
adequate to allow the diver to summon emergency help and allow the surface to recall the submerged diver,
by voice or by prearranged line signals on a lifeline or float,
only by voice when;
_ a dive exceeds 130 feet,
_ the no-decompression limits are exceeded,
_ there is sufficient current to pose a risk to the diver, and
_ the diver is;
* using power tools, explosives, or burning/welding equipment,
* directing a hoisting device underwater,
* in or near a pipe, tunnel, duct, underwater intake, or other confined space,
* in or near a water control structure,
* placing material underwater in a way that may pose a risk,
* in an atmospheric diving system, wet bell, submersible compression chamber, or
* in a contaminated environment.
The two-way voice system should have;
sound reproduction that allows a diver's breathing to be clearly heard, and
an unscrambler when helium or other gas that distorts voice transmission is used.
All two-way voice communication should be continuously recorded and saved for 48 hours;
for dives at depths greater than 165 feet, or
when an atmospheric diving system is used.
The dive should be aborted if the two-way communication fails.
An effective means of diver recall should be available when a free-swimming buddy pair is used in scientific diving operations.
A diver should be connected to the dive site by a two-way back-up system for dives to depths greater than 130 feet.
A two-way back-up system that is independent of the primary system should be used for atmospheric diving systems or submersible compression chambers.
3.7 Personal Diving Equipment
Divers must wear appropriate weights to control buoyancy, protective suits to guard against hypothermia, a knife to cut free of entanglement, and a harness to which the lifeline is attached.
A diver's personal equipment should include;
a strong, sharp knife,
adequate weights,
a diving suit or, where a suit is not necessary, other protective clothing, and
where applicable, a diving harness, which must;
_ be able to lift the diver out of the water in an emergency,
_ be equipped with a positive buckling device, and
_ where a diver uses an umbilical bundle, have an attachment point for the lifeline that prevents strain on the diver's hose and helmet.
On construction projects, the standby diver should be provided with the same type of personal equipment as the primary diver's and an effective means of two-way voice communication with the surface.
3.8 Surface Diving Base Equipment
The location from which the diving operation originates, must be appropriate in size, have adequate stability to safely support the necessary equipment, have available essential emergency equipment, and if a water based site, (e.g. boat, barge etc.) have a backup means of propulsion.
A surface diving site should be;
of sufficient size for all workers and equipment,
stable, and
equipped with;
_ an adequate quantity of therapeutic oxygen,
_ a first aid kit,
_ decompression tables,
_ where appropriate, a climate-controlled facility for workers,
_ a two-way communication system connecting the dive site with medical assistance,
_ a means to facilitate entry and exit to and from the water and immediate exit of an unconscious diver in an emergency, and
_ other equipment necessary for worker health and safety.
A water-based dive site should have;
a secondary means of evacuation, or
a boat with a primary motor and a back-up means of propulsion.
Any vessel used in the diving operation should be able to maintain station or be anchored / moored without risk to any diver.
3.9 Cranes and Hoisting Devices
When diving operations utilize a crane or a hoist, the hoisting equipment used, must be designed and equipped for the purpose of hoisting of workers, and employ an adequate fall arrest system.
Where a crane or hoisting device is used to lower a stage carrying a diver into water;
it should remain available for immediate recovery of the diver in an emergency,
the diver, tender or supervisor should give all directions to the operator, except in an emergency, and
a diver being lowered in a stage should be able to communicate continuously with the operator by;
_ prearranged visual signals or line signals, or
_ by a two-way voice communication system.
The crane or hoisting device should be;
adequate, of sound construction, adequate strength, and free from defects,
equipped with;
_ a fail-safe mechanism to prevent the boom from descending or telescoping due to a power or system failure,
_ a brake or mechanical locking device that applies automatically when the controls are not held in operating position, and
_ brakes that can stop and hold 100% of the load,
constructed so;
_ any power-released brakes apply automatically on power loss,
_ lowering/raising of loads is controlled by power drives that are independent of the brake mechanism, and
_ there are no malfunctions at low temperatures.
not fitted with pawl and ratchet gear on which the pawl has to be disengaged before lowering or raising the load,
maintained as per manufacturers recommendations,
examined by competent person at least once a day when in use, and
tested;
_ on first installation and thereafter before operational use of the equipment following a repair, replacement or alteration other than routine repair, replacement or alteration carried out by a competent person by means of a functional test, and
_ every six months following a functional test carried out by a test that tests the
capability of the lifting equipment to operate safely under its maximum load.
Where a crane or hoisting device is used to lower a submersible compression chamber or atmospheric diving system;
the supervisor should give all directions, except in an emergency, and
the crane or hoisting device should be equipped with;
_ a primary lifting cable that permits safe lowering and raising, and
_ a secondary means of recovering an SCC or ADS that is available at the site and is capable of mating the SCC or ADS or lock-out submersible to the on-board hyperbaric facility.
A crane or hoisting device used to lower a submersible compression system that is not part of a lock-out submersible should have a safety rope to stop the chamber immediately below the turbulent wave zone, in case the primary cable breaks during the air-water interface transfer.
When a diver is being lowered in a stage, a fall arrest system should be used to arrest the fall of the stage where it could fall;
more than 10 feet, or
into or onto machinery or a hazardous substance or object.
The fall arrest system should be;
secured at the dive site to a fixed support that can resist any arrest force and is free of sharp edges or to a line fastened to the fixed support at the dive site,
designed so that if the stage were to fall, it would be suspended no more than five feet, and
attached to a secondary lifting eye with same strength as the primary lifting eye of the stage.
3.10 Stages
When stages are used in a diving operation to transport the diver(s), the stage must be designed for the purpose of transporting a diver, and must be used in a manner so as to ensure the diver is not put at risk.
A stage should be;
designed for the purpose for which it is to be used,
secure against tipping and spinning,
free of equipment that might interfere with footholds or handholds,
of sufficient size to accommodate all workers and equipment,
designed in accordance with good engineering practice, and
constructed or equipped to;
_ be adequate for its purpose,
_ prevent occupants from falling out,
_ have handholds arranged to prevent injuries,
_ have a secondary lifting eye of the same strength as the primary eye,
_ have a tag rope that would prevent the stage from descending to a depth of more than 80 feet if the primary cable were to break during the air water interface transfer, and
_ have available a secondary emergency lifting cable with the same strength as the primary cable, and compatible with the secondary lifting eye.
3.11 Open Diving Bells
When an Open Diving Bell is used, it must be designed to safely transport the diver(s), have emergency breathing system and communications system, and be used in a manner that will not put the worker(s) at risk.
Where applicable, an open diving bell should;
be of sufficient size to accommodate all submerged divers,
provide adequate quantities of emergency breathing mixture for the safe decompression of divers in an emergency, and
be in contact with the supervisor by a voice-communication system.
3.12 Hyperbaric Chambers
When there is a significant chance of decompression sickness occurring during a diving operation, a hyperbaric/recompression chamber must be on site, and must be designed, equipped and operated to an acceptable standard.
A Class A (double-lock type) chamber should ;
be in operable condition,
be on-site when planned dives exceed the no-decompression limit or exceed depth of a 130 feet, and
conform to CSA Standard Z275.1-93 Hyperbaric Facilities or equivalent.
The quantity of air or mixed gas available with the chamber should be twice the quantity required to;
pressurize the hyperbaric chamber to a pressure equivalent to the pressure at the greatest depth in respect of which the hyperbaric chamber is used in the dive, or to the pressure at 165 feet, whichever is greater; and
ventilate the hyperbaric chamber at this pressure, except where the hyperbaric chamber is used as a submersible compression chamber or saturation chamber.
3.13 Hyperbaric Chamber Operator
Hyperbaric chamber operators must be competent.
Chambers must be operated;
in accordance with CSA Standard Z275.1-93 Hyperbaric Facilities or equivalent, and
by a competent worker who does not have duties that interfere with his or her adequate operation of the chamber.
4. BREATHING MIXTURES
4.1 General Requirements
Breathing mixtures used for deeper dives beyond 165 ft., must be blended for the operational depth, the oxygen percentage must be adequate for the operational depth, the nitrogen must be replaced with helium, and the breathing system must have a built in back-up in order to ensure a continuous supply of breathing mixture to the diver.
The breathing mixture and breathing mixture supply system should be adequate for the depths and circumstances in which a diver will be operating.
The breathing mixture should conform to the requirements of CSA Standard Z 275.2-92, "Occupational Safety Code for Diving Operations" or equivalent.
An interruption of the breathing mixture supply to one diver should not affect the supply of breathing mixture to any other diver.
An interruption of the primary breathing mixture supply to a diver should not affect the delivery of the breathing mixture from;
any emergency bail out system or reserve system worn by the diver, or
the secondary breathing mixture supply.
An interruption of the primary breathing mixture supply to an SCC should not affect the delivery of breathing mixture from any emergency reserve system attached to the SCC.
An interruption of the primary breathing mixture supply in an ADS should not affect the delivery of breathing mixture from any secondary breathing mixture supply in the ADS.
The total supply of breathing mixture available at the dive site should include;
a primary supply to complete the dive as planned,
a secondary supply, which should be;
_ in the case of a SCUBA dive , one complete set of underwater breathing apparatus with fully charged cylinders assembled at the dive site,
_ for surface-supplied diving, adequate to allow a diver to return to the surface and undergo any necessary in-water decompression,
_ when an SCC or ADS is used, adequate to enable the occupants to return to the surface,
_ for a dive in which an on-line blender or diver's gas recovery system is used, a supply of pre-mixed breathing mixture adequate to allow a diver to return to the surface and undergo any required decompression, and
_ where a hyperbaric chamber is used, adequate to allow a diver to undergo any decompression and any treatment for decompression sickness.
4.2 Bailout Systems
Divers using surface supplied diving equipment must carry an emergency tank
(bail-out) containing an adequate volume of breathing mixture.
An emergency bail-out system or emergency reserve system should provide;
an adequate breathing mixture, and
a total quantity of breathing mixture that is;
_ when carried by the diver, sufficient to enable the diver to safely reach the surface, SCC, lock-out submersible or wet bell,
_ when carried by a SCC that is not part of a lock-out submersible, sufficient to meet the needs of the occupants for a minimum of 24 hours, and
_ when carried by a lock-out submersible or ADS, sufficient to meet the needs of the occupants for a minimum of 48 hours.
4.3 Purity Standards
Breathing mixtures must conform to an acceptable purity standard.
The purity of any breathing mixture should conform to CSA Standard Z275.2-92, "Occupational Safety Code for Diving Operations", as amended from time to time, or an equivalent standard.
4.4 Breathing Mixtures Other Than Air
When pre-mixed breathing mixtures are used, the oxygen percentage must always be measured prior to use, in order to ensure an adequate amount of oxygen to support life.
The breathing mixture should be analyzed for the accuracy of its oxygen content and, where practicable, its other contents immediately prior to the dive.
The levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the breathing mixture should be maintained at levels suitable for the type, depth and duration of the diving operation.
The purity of the breathing mixture should conform to Table 3, "Maximum Allowable Impurities and Contaminants in Oxygen, Helium, and Nitrogen", in CSA Standard Z275.2-92 "Occupational Safety Code for Diving Operations", or equivalent.
The breathing mixture should be protected from any likelihood of contamination.
Compressed air should not be used by ambient divers as a breathing mixture at water depths greater than 165 feet. Atmospheric diving systems should maintain a breathing mixture equal to air for all depths.
No diver should breath pure oxygen while submerged at depths greater than 30 feet except when following a decompression schedule or for therapeutic purposes.
5. MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Medical Fitness of Divers
Divers must be certified as medically fit to dive by a physician having knowledge in diving medicine, within 24 months preceding the dive, or a shorter period as recommended by the examining physician.
5.1.1 Medical Examinations
All persons diving, except as an ADS operator, should have;
a medical examination to determine fitness to dive, during;
_ the 24-month period preceding the dive, or
_ a shorter period preceding the dive as recommended by the examining physician, and
a written statement from the examining physician who performed the most recent examination, indicating whether the diver is fit to dive or fit to dive with limitations.
The medical examination should be done by a physician who is knowledgeable in diving and hyperbaric medicine in accordance with the Code for Medical Examination of Divers.
A person diving as an ADS operator should have;
had a medical examination to determine fitness to operate an ADS during;
_ the 24-month period preceding the dive or,
_ such shorter period as has been recommended by his/her examining physician.
obtained a written statement from the examining physician indicating the diver is fit to operate an ADS or fit to operate an ADS with limitations.
The written statements should include the examining physician's name, address, signature and the date of the medical examination.
5.1.2 Fitness
The diver(s) must be physically fit to dive and inform their employer if they feel that they are unfit to dive.
No person should be permitted to be involved in a diving operation where there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person is unfit or the involvement of that person could compromise the safety of others involved in the operation.
A diver who considers himself/herself unfit to dive due to illness, fatigue or other cause, should so inform the employer.
5.1.3 Diving After Treatment of Pressure Related Illness
Approval to return to diving must be given by a physician knowledgeable in diving medicine following any treatment for a pressure related illness.
A diver who has suffered pressure-related illnesses should not dive unless a physician knowledgeable in diving and hyperbaric medicine has given the diver written approval and a statement that the diver is fit to dive.
5.2 Safety Training
The diving team must be trained in basic first aid and CPR, in order to give prompt assistance in the event of an emergency.
A diver, diver's tender and diving supervisor should be trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), basic first aid and treatment of near drowning victims.
Where oxygen equipment for therapeutic purposes is provided, every diver and diver's tender should be trained in its use.
5.3 Emergency Services and Contingency Planning
5.3.1 Medical Standby
When an ambient diving operation is carried-out to depths greater than 130 ft., or when decompression is required, a physician knowledgeable in diving and hyperbaric medicine must be available to give medical advice in the event of an emergency.
Arrangements should be made with one or more physicians who are knowledgeable in diving and hyperbaric medicine so that any medical advice or support that may be required is available whenever;
a dive involving decompression is carried out, or
a dive to a depth greater than 130 feet is carried out using techniques other than atmospheric diving.
There should be an adequate means of communication on a 24-hour per day basis between the physician and dive site, craft or installation from which the diving operation is conducted.
5.3.2 Backup Hyperbaric Facility
A backup hyperbaric facility must be identified in the contingency plan should a diver require treatment.
The nearest hyperbaric treatment facility with a 24-hour response capability that is suitable for the type, depth and duration of the diving operation should be located and arrangements made for its use.
5.3.3 Treatment of Pressure-Related Illness
Diving ailments must be treated by a competent physician as soon as possible.
When a diver shows any indication of pressure-related illness or requires therapeutic recompression for any reason,
treatment should be started, and
a physician, knowledgeable in diving and hyperbaric medicine should be alerted immediately.
5.3.4 Air Transportation of Distressed Diver
The flight altitude for a diver experiencing a diving ailment, must be determined by the attending physician or diving supervisor.
Where air transportation is arranged to transport a diver suffering from a diving ailment;
the patient should be furnished with oxygen, and
the flight altitude should be prescribed by the attending physician or diving supervisor.
Any transportation from a recompression chamber should be approved by the attending physician or diving supervisor.
5.4 Decompression Procedures and Tables
Diving operations and hyperbaric treatments must be carried out in accordance with the appropriate tables.
Diving operations, repetitive dives and treatment of divers should be carried out in strict accordance with appropriate published or proprietary decompression tables and procedures acceptable to the regulatory authority.
6. SCUBA DIVING
6.1 Application
This section should apply to diving operations in which a diver uses self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA).
6.1.1 SCUBA Using Breathing Mixtures Other Than Air
To be inserted
6.1.2 Rebreathers
To be inserted
6.1.3 Prohibitions
SCUBA must not be used in conditions where; the divers ascent to the surface is in any way restricted, where there is chance of entrapment, near water control structures, when using power tools, when conducting underwater hoisting operations, in a contaminated environment, when using dredging apparatus, and where voice communications are a necessary safety aspect of the work.
SCUBA should not be used by a diver;
working near or in an operating underwater intake,
working near or in a pipe, tunnel, duct or other confined space,
working in a water control structure,
using any power tool, hoisting device, explosive, burning equipment or welding equipment,
placing any materials underwater in a way that poses a risk to the health or safety of the diver,
working in a contaminated environment, and
jetting and suction dredging where there is a risk of entrapment of the diver by the equipment.
On a diving operation that is not part of a construction project, a standby diver may be provided with SCUBA diving equipment where there are no prohibitions for the use of SCUBA and should have an effective means of two-way communication with the surface.
6.2 Maximum Depth
The use of SCUBA must be restricted to a maximum depth of 130 feet.
SCUBA should not be used in dives to depths in excess of 130 feet.
6.3 Requirement For Lifelines Or Floats
Lifelines must be attached to each SCUBA, diver other than scientific divers, where he appropriate conditions and circumstances are present.
An adequate lifeline should be attached to each SCUBA diver, other than scientific diver or scientific diving buddy, when he or she is in the water.
Any lifeline used in the SCUBA diving operation should be;
attached securely to the dive site or to a float visible to the diver's tender,
tended at all times by a diver's tender, by continuously holding the lifeline or, in the case of a tether attached to a float, by continuously observing the float;
where because of the nature of the work a diver using SCUBA cannot operate safely while tethered by a lifeline to the dive site or a float, the diving supervisor may permit the diver to operate untethered, so long as the diver is accompanied by another diver who;
_ is using a lifeline and
_ is in continuous visual contact with the untethered diver.
Where there is a hazard created by being tethered to both the divers, through-water voice communications between the divers and the surface should be used.
When scientific diving operation are carried out, lifelines or floats are not required when;
. underwater visibility is such that visual contact can be maintained between the diver and scientific diving buddy,
the scientific diving buddy is in the immediate proximity to the diver during the dive,
the scientific diving buddy is able to immediately assist the other diver in the event of an emergency.
6.4 Minimum Crew
An adequate number of support crew must be present at the dive site in order to maintain a safe operation, and to assist in rescuing the diver in the event of an emergency.
There should be an adequate number of divers, standby divers and diver's tenders to allow the diving operation to be undertaken safely.
When SCUBA diving operations are conducted other than for scientific diving, there should be;
an adequate number of diver's tenders, and in any event at least one diver's tender present at the dive site,
an adequate number of standby divers, and in any event at least one standby diver present at the dive site, and
an adequate number of divers, and in any event at least one diver present at the dive site.
One person should not act at the same time both as diver's tender and as standby diver for one or more divers.
The diving supervisor may also function either as a standby diver or as a diver's tender.
When scientific diving operations using SCUBA are conducted, there should be ;
a scientific surface safety attendant present at the dive site,
a scientific diving buddy for each diver present at the dive site, and
an adequate number of diver , and in any event at least one present at the dive site.
1. THE SEAFOOD HARVEST INDUSTRY FEEL THAT IT IS NOT NECESSARY FOR THE DIVING SUPERVISOR TO BE LOCATED ON THE SURFACE.
2. THEY FEEL THAT A SURFACE TENDER TRAINED IN EMERGENCY SERVICES AND KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT THE OPERATION, AND NOT HAVING DIVING EXPERIENCE, IS SUFFICIENT. (LIKELY THE BOAT CAPTAIN)
SEAFOOD HARVESTER FEEL THAT TENDERS SHOULD BE ABLE TO HAVE OTHER DUTIES (e.g. GRADING AND PACKING SEAFOOD).
6.5 Standby Diver
Another diver must be immediately available to rescue the diver in the event of an emergency.
The standby diver should not dive or be required to dive except in an emergency.
During scientific diving operations using SCUBA, the standby diver may be the scientific diving buddy when;
underwater visibility is such that visual contact can be maintained between the diver and scientific diving buddy,
the scientific diving buddy is in the immediate proximity to the diver during the dive,
the scientific diving buddy is able to immediately assist the other diver in the event of an emergency.
THE SEAFOOD HARVEST INDUSTRY FEELS THAT THE STANDBY DIVER SHOULD BE ABLE TO DIVE AS A WORKER AND NOT DEVOTE HIS/HER ATTENTION TO THE DUTIES OF A STANDBY DIVER.
6.6 Diving Equipment
The SCUBA diver must employ specific items of equipment that will ensure his/her safety during the dive.
Each diver using SCUBA should use;
a SCUBA unit complete with a quick release harness and a submersible pressure gauge,
an emergency reserve system or emergency bail-out system,
a face mask,
swimming fins,
a suitable knife,
a depth gauge,
an exposure suit,
an adequate timing device,
a weight belt with quick release buckle, and
when night diving, an underwater light.
One complete spare set of underwater breathing apparatus with fully charged cylinders should be assembled at the dive site.
When diving in open water, each free swimming diver must carry an audible or visual locating device such as a whistle, flare or strobe light.
7. SURFACE-SUPPLIED DIVING
7.1 Crew
7.2.1 Minimum Crew
An adequate number of support crew must be present at the dive site in order to maintain a safe operation, and to assist in rescuing the diver in the event of an emergency.
There should be an adequate number of divers, standby divers and diver's tenders, and in any case not less than one of each.
If a hyperbaric chamber is required there should be a competent person available to operate the chamber who does not have duties that would interfere with the adequate operation of the chamber.
Unless a dive is in a contaminated environment, the diving supervisor may function as a standby diver, diver's tender or hyperbaric chamber operator.
1. THE SEAFOOD HARVEST INDUSTRY FEEL THAT IT IS NOT NECESSARY FOR THE DIVING SUPERVISOR TO BE LOCATED ON THE SURFACE.
2. THEY FEEL THAT A SURFACE TENDER TRAINED IN EMERGENCY SERVICES AND KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT THE OPERATION, AND NOT HAVING DIVING EXPERIENCE, IS SUFFICIENT. (LIKELY THE BOAT CAPTAIN)
7.2.2 Diver's Tender
The diver(s) must be tended at all times by a diver's tender who is responsible for assisting the diver, monitoring the diver's well being by either continuously observing or holding the diver's umbilical, or by watching the divers float.
A diver's tender should;
be acceptable to the diver,
only have the duties of a diver's tender and diving supervisor, if acting as diving supervisor, and duties associated with the operation of the compressor and associated equipment,
SEAFOOD HARVESTER FEEL THAT TENDERS SHOULD BE ABLE TO HAVE OTHER DUTIES (e.g. GRADING AND PACKING SEAFOOD).
be knowledgeable about the plans, equipment, signals, and decompression and emergency procedures for the dive operation.
7.2.3 Standby Diver
It is essential that another diver be immediately available to rescue the diver in the event of an emergency.
The standby diver should not dive or be required to dive except in an emergency.
THE SEAFOOD HARVEST INDUSTRY FEELS THAT THE STANDBY DIVER SHOULD BE ABLE TO DIVE AS A WORKER AND NOT DEVOTE HIS/HER ATTENTION TO THE DUTIES OF A STANDBY DIVER.
7.3 Equipment Requirements
7.3.1 Breathing Air/Gas Supply Lines
The diver's breathing supply lines must be a attached to a lifeline and communications wire, protected from damage, be fitted with a system of clearly marked and visible gauges and valves, under the control of a competent person, and be of one continuous length, without couplings.
Stationary air or mixed gas lines should be safeguarded against damage or interference.
Each line should be fitted with a valve that is;
readily accessible,
guarded against interference,
clearly marked to identify the diver whose air or mixed gas, supply it controls, and
under the control of a competent person.
Each line should be provided with a pressure gauge, downstream of the diver's supply valve, indicating the pressure being delivered to the diver.
The pressure gauge dial and figures should be clearly visible to the diver's tender.
All hoses, pipes, couplings and other fittings should be designed and suitable for their intended use.
Hoses should be protected from kinking, free of splices and capable of providing an air supply that is adequate for the circumstances of the dive.
The umbilical/lifeline should be attached to a suitable diver's harness.
A standby diver's umbilical or lifeline must be of sufficient length to reach the operating diver at all times.
7.3.2 Helmets, Masks , and Hookah System
Surface supplied equipment must be designed and built for its purpose and fitted with a non-return valve at the helmet inlet and have an adequate attachment or fastening system.
Each diver should use a helmet, face mask or hookah that is;
designed for its intended purpose,
fitted with a non-return valve.
A helmet or mask used by a diver should be fitted with an adequate locking or fastening device.
A helmet worn by a diver should be fitted with an adequate and compatible attachment system for securing and sealing the helmet in place.
7.3.3 Bailout System
The surface-supplied diver must carry an emergency breathing supply which will allow the him/her to safely return to the surface or submersible compression chamber in the event of failure of the breathing system.
The helmet, mask or hookah should be attached by a hose to a emergency bailout system that is;
worn by the diver,
adequate for the depth, and
not used for suit inflation.
7.3.4 Lifelines
The diver's umbilical must have a lifeline attached.
A diver using surface supplied equipment should have a lifeline incorporated into his/her umbilical bundle in a suitable manner to prevent stress on the hose.
8. DEEP DIVING
8.1 General
When deep dives are conducted beyond 165 feet, the diver must breathe an appropriate mixture, which is adequate for the specific depth and monitored by a diving supervisor, and have an adequate downline, stage or submersible compression chamber for the diving depth.
A diver engaged in a deep diving operation, other than atmospheric diving, should be equipped with an adequate breathing mixture that is mixed gas.
Deep diving should only be carried out when;
an adequate stage, downline, structure or other means is available to enable the diver to maintain the decompression stop depths and times specified in the decompression tables used for the dive, without undue exertion and movement, and
the diving supervisor has a means of;
- monitoring the depth of each diver
- controlling the pressures at which the breathing mixtures are being supplied to each diver, and
- analyzing the breathing mixtures being supplied to each diver.
A SCC used to transfer personnel under pressure greater than one atmosphere should be used when;
the depth exceeds 165 feet and hazardous environmental or marine conditions pose a risk to the health and safety of the diver,
bottom time exceeds 30 minutes and the depth is greater than 165 feet,
bottom time exceeds 25 minutes and the depth is greater than 195 feet, or
depth exceeds 230 feet.
8.2 Exposure Limits and Rest Periods
Maximum exposures times and work periods must be followed in order that the diver(s) can safely work under the more stressful conditions found at deeper depths.
For a dive to 500 feet or less, no diver can spend, seal-to-seal,
more than 4 hours in the water, or
more than 10 hours in the SCC.
For a dive more than 500 feet, using a SCC, no diver can spend, seal-to-seal,
more than 3 hours in the water, or
more than 8 hours in the SCC.
A diver should not work for at least;
12 continuous hours immediately after reaching the above exposure limits, and
12 continuous hours in any 24 hour period.
A diver using non-saturation techniques cannot work at a pressure greater than one atmosphere during the 24 hour period immediately following decompression
A diver using saturation techniques cannot work at a pressure greater than one atmosphere immediately following decompression for the following time periods;
for dives which last up to 14 days, a rest period of 14 days,
for dives which last from 14 to 31 days, a rest period of 14 days plus 1 day of rest for each day over 14 days in the water, or
for dives which last over 31 days, a rest period of 31 days.
Seal-to-seal means time when the SCC is unsealed from the main system until it is resealed to the main system.
8.3 Submersible Compression Chambers (SCC), Saturation Chambers And Atmospheric Diving Systems (ADS)
8.3.1 SCC Design and Equipment
SCC systems must be designed and equipped to safely transport the divers to the underwater site, maintain an atmosphere suitable for life, and return the divers to the surface to mate to a deck decompression or living chamber.
A SCC should;
conform to and be operated in accordance with clauses 1-9 and 13 of the CSA Standard Z275.l-93, "Hyperbaric Facilities", or equivalent standard,
be capable of mating to a hyperbaric chamber in accordance with clauses 1-9 and, for saturation diving, with clause 12 of the CSA Standard Z275.1-93,"Hyperbaric Facilities",or equivalent standard,
be equipped to permit the transfer of persons under pressure into and out of a hyperbaric chamber,
be of adequate size and design to accommodate the number of occupants that it is to carry without overcrowding,
be designed to permit divers to enter and exit with ease,
be designed to permit a diver to disconnect or shear the umbilical bundle of the chamber in an emergency,
be provided with an adequate mechanism for shedding ballast weights that;
_ can be operated from within the chamber, and
_ is designed to ensure against accidental shedding of the weights.
A SCC should be equipped with;
adequate doors and hatches that act as pressure seals,
adequate valves, gauges, and other fittings to control pressure within the chamber and top that clearly indicate internal and external pressures,
adequate pressurization valves and main exhaust valves that are spring-loaded to close when not held in the open position,
adequate primary lighting equipment and emergency back-up lighting equipment
adequate first aid equipment,
adequate hoisting equipment to recover an unconscious or injured diver into the chamber
adequate heating equipment,
adequate emergency thermal protection for all occupants,
an adequate emergency stroboscopic light,
an adequate emergency locating device,
adequate instruments to monitor temperature, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels within the chamber,
adequate primary and emergency carbon dioxide scrubber,
adequate hull shut-of valves on all gas and water penetrations into the chamber,
a secondary lifting eye or similar device that is at least as strong as the primary lifting eye,
a blind port, and
an adequate tool kit.
A SCC should be;
designed to ensure against inadvertent operation of the secondary breathing mixture supply system,
designed to permit the secondary breathing mixture supply to be brought on-line from within the chamber,
be tested in accordance with CSA Standard Z275.l-93, "Hyperbaric Facilities", or equivalent standard, and
be designed and certified to the specifications of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), "Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy, 1 and 2", or equivalent standard.
8.3.2 Saturation Chamber and Equipment
Saturation chambers must be designed and operated in accordance with recognized standards.
A saturation chamber should conform to and be operated in accordance with clauses 1-9 and 12 of the CSA Standard Z275.l-93, Hyperbaric Facilities, or equivalent standard.
8.3.3 Atmospheric Diving System (ADS) Design and Equipment
An ADS must be designed and equipped to safely transport the diver to the underwater site, maintain a one atmosphere environment suitable for life, and return the diver to the surface.
An ADS should be;
designed to permit a diver to disconnect or shear the umbilical bundle of the system in a health or safety emergency,
provided with an adequate mechanism to shed ballast weights that;
_ can be operated from within the system, and
_ is designed to ensure against accidental shedding of the weights,
designed to ensure against inadvertent operation of the secondary breathing mixture supply system, and
designed to permit the secondary breathing mixture supply to be brought on-line from, within the system.
An ADS should be equipped with;
adequate doors and hatches that act as pressure seals and can be opened form either side,
adequate valves, gauges, and other fittings to control pressure within the chamber and top that clearly indicate internal and external pressures,
adequate pressurization valves and main exhaust valves that are spring-loaded to close when not held in the open position,
adequate primary lighting equipment and emergency back-up lighting equipment
adequate first aid equipment,
adequate hoisting equipment to recover an unconscious or injured diver into the chamber,
adequate heating equipment,
adequate emergency thermal protection for all occupants,
an adequate emergency stroboscopic light,
an adequate emergency locating device,
adequate instruments to monitor temperature, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels within the chamber,
adequate primary and emergency carbon dioxide scrubber,
adequate hull shut-of valves on all gas and water penetrations into the chamber,
a secondary lifting eye or similar device that is at least as strong as the primary lifting eye,
a blind port, and
an adequate tool kit.
An ADS should conform to requirements for registration set out in;
Det Noreke Veritas, "Rules for Certification of Diving",
Lloyd's Register, "Rules and Regulations for the Construction and Classification of Submersible and Underwater Systems and Hyperbaric Facilities", 1989, Notice No. 1, July 17, 1991,
American Bureau of Shipping, "Rules for Building and Classing Underwater Vehicles, Systems and Hyperbaric Facilities", 1990, or equivalent requirements for registration.
8.3..4 Lock-Out Submersible (LOS) Design and Equipment
A lock-out submersible must be designed and equipped to safely transport the divers to the underwater site, maintain an atmosphere suitable for life, and return the divers to the surface.
The SCC part or the ADS part of a LOS may have in common;
the weight-shedding mechanisms required for SCCs and ADSs, as long as the mechanism can be operated from within the ADS,
the stroboscope required for SCCs or ADSs,
the locating device required for SCCs or ADSs.
When a SCC and ADS together form a LOS, they do not need;
to be individually designed to disconnect or shear the umbilical bundle of the chamber, if the LOS as a whole is designed to permit a diver to disconnect or shear the bundle of the LOS in an emergency,
to have individual secondary lifting eyes or similar devices, if the LOS as a whole has a secondary lifting eye or similar device that is at least as strong as the primary lifting eye of the LOS.
8.4 SCC Attendant
When diving is conducted from an SCC or a lock-out submersible an attendant must be present in the SCC to assist the diver, to act as a rescuer, to monitor the divers health and safety.
When a submersible compression chamber (SCC) is used, there should be an SCC attendant in the chamber.
An SCC attendant should;
be adequately trained should a rescue become necessary,
be adequately dressed and have adequate diving and communication equipment, checked, ready at hand should a rescue become necessary,
have a lifeline that is at least 10 feet longer than the lifeline of any diver who has exited from the SCC,
not be assigned any other duties,
not exit the SCC underwater except in an emergency,
be acceptable to each diver, and
not be permitted to act as an SCC attendant unless he/she is knowledgeable about;
_ the operational and contingency plans,
_ the diving equipment to be used,
_ the diving signals to be used,
_ in-water decompression procedures to be used, and
_ any emergency procedures.
Except in an emergency, a diver who has exited from a SCC should be tended continuously by a SCC attendant until the diver re-enters the chamber.
8.5 Underwater Exit from a SCC
Prior to a diver exiting from a lock-out submersible, the LOS must be secure to the site or negatively buoyant, to ensure the LOS will not ascent when the lock-out diver's weight is released from the LOS.
A diver (other than a SCC attendant) who exits from a SCC should be equipped with an umbilical bundle no longer than 100 feet.
A diver should only exist underwater from the SCC of a LOS if;
the LOS is negatively buoyant on the bottom or adequately secured to the underwater work site, and
the diving supervisor is in the one atmosphere chamber of the LOS.
8.6 Breathing Mixtures for Atmospheric Diving
When an ADS is used, a breathing mixture similar to air must be used.
A diver engaged in atmospheric diving should be provided with an adequate breathing mixture that has the same proportions of gases as are found in air.
8.7 Back-Up SCC and ADS
When an ADS is used, another SCC or ADS must be available within 24 hours to act as a rescue vehicle, in the event of an emergency.
When a SCC or ADS is used, a back-up SCC or ADS with adequate depth capability should be available and can be deployed to effect a rescue within 24 hours of an emergency.
8.8 Minimum Crew
There must be an adequate number of workers to maneuver the SCC in and out of the water, to maintain the life-support systems for an extended period of saturation time, if required, and to carry out decompression procedures.
When a SCC or ADS is used, there should be an adequate number of workers present at the dive site and in the SCC or ADS, equipped with adequate communications to one another.
When a SCC is used to carry out non-saturation diving, there should be at least two workers, in addition to the diving supervisor and diver(s), available at the dive site to assist in;
the launch and recovery of the SCC, and
the operation of the hyperbaric chamber.
When a SCC is used to carry out saturation diving, there should be at least three workers, in addition to the diving supervisor and diver(s), available at the dive site to assist in;
the launch and recovery of the SCC,
the operation of the hyperbaric chamber, and
the operation of the life-support systems.
When a SCC or an ADS is used, at least one of the workers at the dive site is available to render any in-water assistance in the launch or recovery of the SCC or ADS in an emergency.
8.9 Alternate Energy Source
When deep diving operations are carried out, an alternate power source is required in the event of the failure of the primary power supply.
There should be a second power source which is capable of;
being rapidly brought on line,
operating the handling system,
heating the diving plant, equipment and diver in water,
sustaining life support systems for compression chambers and any diver in the water,
illuminating the work site, compression chamber interiors, dive station, etc.,
operating the communications and monitoring systems, and
operating the handling system for any skip, diving bell, diving submersible or atmospheric diving system.
9.0 SPECIAL HAZARDS
9.1.2 Floating Equipment
A diving vessel must be able to maintain position at a planned location.
A vessel used in a diving operation should be capable of maintaining its station or being anchored or moved without risk to any diver.
9.1.3 Liveboating
When liveboating is carried out, the liveboating crew must be competent, and adequate procedures and/or devices must be used to protect the diver from the vessel.
Liveboating should not be conducted;
after sunset and before sunrise,
in a sea-state that poses a risk to the health or safety of a diver,
from vessels with maneuverability that is not adequate,
to a depth greater than 165 ft. except from a dynamically positioned vessel,
when environmental or marine condition pose a risk to the health and safety of a diver, and
when in-water decompression procedures are used.
A procedure or device should be employed to ensure against the diver's umbilical bundle becoming entangled in the vessel's propellers or maneuvering unit.
The captain of the vessel participating in liveboating should;
be competent to perform the duties of a boat captain during liveboating,
co-operate with the diving supervisor in carrying out their responsibilities as needed to protect the health and safety of divers, and
have a continuous unobstructed view of any diver's tender.
9.1.4 Dynamically Positioned Vessels (DP)
When diving is carried out from a dynamically positioned vessel, all crew must be competent and adequate procedures and/or devices must be used to protect the diver from the vessel.
A dive should not be made from a dynamically positioned vessel unless;
the vessel has been operating in the dynamically positioned mode for at least 30 minutes before the diver enters the water,
the range of surge or sway movement of the water at the dive site is less than 80% of the maximum operational capacity limit of the vessel,
a skip or diving bell is positioned as close as possible to the underwater work site,
all reasonable precautions are taken to prevent any umbilical from coming into contact with any propeller or maneuvering unit of the vessel,
any change of heading or positioning of the vessel when the diver is in the water, is made only after the supervisor has given permission for the change and the diver has been notified, and
the vessel complies with the following design and construction requirements;
_ more than one prime mover is available for each fore, aft and thwart ship thrasher,
_ in the event of the failure of any prime mover or maneuvering unit of the vessel, the position of the vessel can be maintained during the time it would take for the safe recovery of the divers,
_ the arrangement of the thrusters and their size and number enable, in the event of the loss of any thruster of the vessel, the heading and the position of the vessel to be maintained within the environmental and operational capacity limits of the vessel for the time it takes to safely recover any skip, bell, or ADS used in the diving operation,
_ for each maneuvering unit necessary to maintain the vessel in the dynamically positioned mode, other than the propellers and energy plant units, there is a reserve duplicate unit and an automatic and manual system to switch from an on-line unit to the duplicate unit,
_ the supervisor, by means of an alarm system connecting the bridge to the diving station on the vessel, can be kept informed by the person who controls the dynamic positioning system of any station-keeping problems or any other problems that might affect the safety of the diving operation,
_ a computer system controls the dynamic positioning of the vessel, and another independent, duplicate computer system is available to take over control automatically in the event of a failure of the on-line computer system,
_ there are on line at least two reference systems independently linked into each computer system, and
_ at any time a person involved in the diving operation is in the water;
_ a person who is responsible for the navigation of the vessel and the person who is responsible for the control of the dynamically positioning system are in the control room of the vessel,
_ the machinery spaces of the vessel, except for those in the pontoons of a semi-submersible, are manned, and
_ in any one maneuver, the vessel is not moved more than 18 or the heading of the vessel is not changed more than five degrees, which ever is the lesser movement in relation to the location of the dive site.
The person responsible for the control of the dynamic positioning system of the vessel should have at least six months experience using both the manual and automatic modes of the system, or where that is impractical, of a similar system and at least two weeks briefing by the designer or manufacturer of the vessel on the behavior and hydrodynamics of the vessel when operating in the dynamically positioned mode.
A dive should not be made unless the person in charge of the vessel or installation from which the diving operation is to be conducted has been notified of the proposed diving operation.
The divers and pilots should be protected from any danger or hazard that could be caused by;
the propeller and the maneuvering unit of the vessel and the flows of water created by the propeller and the maneuvering unit,
the normal movements of the vessel and any movements caused by unexpected loss of power or stability,
any suction or water current encountered or resulting from the diving operation, equipment on the vessel or installation.
Plans should be made for the protection and recovery of the diver or pilot in the water in the event that the vessel loses power.
A diving operation should only be conducted from a dynamically positioned vessel if;
there is prior consultation the person in charge of the vessel or installation and any other person necessary for the dive,
there is taken into account, in any decision respecting the diving operation, the meteorological data available and the environmental conditions in the area of the proposed dive,
protective head gear is available for a diver at any time the diver is at or below the surface of the water and where practicable, at any time the diver is transported in a skip,
during any period of darkness or low visibility;
_ a diver is provided with and has attached a lamp or other suitable device that indicates the diver's position,
_ where the nature of the operations permits, the dive site and the underwater work site are adequately illuminated.
9.2 Approaches to Intakes
When diving is carried out near an intake, any water flow in the intake must be identified, controlled or terminated, so that it will not present an entrapment hazard to the diver.
Diving should not be conducted in hazardous water flow conditions.
An assessment should be made of water flow hazards that may arise when a diver works;
near or in an operating underwater intake,
near a pipe, tunnel, duct or other confined space, or
at a water control structure.
Before any dive begins, water flow that is a potential hazard should be;
identified and described to the diver, and
locked out or controlled in a way that is satisfactory to the diver and supervisor, and ensures that the water flow poses no safety hazard to the diver.
A diver should only use surface supplied diving equipment with effective 2-way voice communication to the surface when required to enter or work in the proximity of a hazardous mechanism, pipe, tunnel or water control structure.
9.3 Hazardous Mechanisms
When diving operations are carried out near underwater mechanisms, any water flow must be identified, controlled or locked-out, so that it will not present an entrapment hazard to the diver.
Before a dive begins, any mechanism that is a potential hazard to a diver should be;
identified and described to the diver, and
rendered inoperative and prevented from being activated by isolating the energy source from the mechanism in a manner suitable to the diver and the supervisor.
A diving operation should not be conducted unless divers and ADS operators are protected from any danger or hazard that would be caused by equipment on a vessel or installation from which the operation is being conducted.
9.4 Explosives
When underwater explosives are used in the diving operation, all normal precautions must be taken when transporting or handling explosives, the diving supervisor must be in charge of the initiation of explosives, and all diving activity must cease prior the initiation of explosives.
All divers should be out of the water when an underwater explosive is initiated and at a safe distance from the blast.
Transportation, handling, storage or use of explosives should be carried out in a way that does not endanger any worker.
Initiation of explosives should be under the direct control of the supervisor.
The blasting initiator and its operating key or operating mechanism should be kept physically separated from each other until initiation of the explosive is to take place.
9.5 Other Hazards
Prior to commencement of any diving operations, other hazards, including identification and control of sonar emissions from vessels, electrical current emissions from catholic protection devices, possible injury from moving boats, and deteriorating weather conditions must be considered.
Available meteorological data and the environmental conditions in the area of the proposed dive should be taken into account before beginning a dive.
During any period of darkness or low visibility;
a diver should be provided with and have attached a lamp or other suitable device that indicates the diver's position, and
where the nature of the operation permits, the dive site and the underwater work site should be adequately illuminated.
Protective head gear should be available for a diver at any time the diver is at or below the surface of the water and, where practicable, at any time the diver is transported in a skip.
Divers and pilots should be protected from any danger or hazard that could be caused by;
sonar, and
devices emitting electromagnetic or ionising radiation.
All impressed current cathode protection devices situated within a radius of 18 feet from the underwater work site should be deactivated and a notice prominently displayed on the controls of those devices, or other equally effective measures should be taken to ensure the safety of any diver within a radius of 18 feet of such devices.
10. CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTS
10.1 Application
When diving operations are carried out in or near underwater contaminates, the diver(s) must be protected from contact, inhalation and ingestion of harmful, waterborne and sedimentary contaminates.
This section should apply to any diving operation that poses a significant risk to the health or safety of a diver when it is carried out;
at or near a point of discharge of effluent from an industrial plant, sewage treatment plant or water treatment plant, where there is a known accumulation of industrial or sewage effluent,
where the purpose of the dive is the clean-up or containment of a chemical, biological or radioactive contaminant, and
near the site of a spill of a chemical, biological or radioactive contaminant.
10.2 Identification of Contaminants
When contaminated conditions are encountered, a person knowledgeable in contaminate identification must determine the type and potential hazard the contaminate poses to the diver and crew.
Before any dive is begun, a competent person should identify each contaminant that is or is likely to be;
present during the diving operation, or
at or near the dive site or underwater work site,
at a concentration that would pose a significant hazard to the health or safety of a worker.
10.3 Contaminant Management Plan
Upon determination of the contaminates at the diving operation, a management plan must be developed in order to identify what precautions must be taken, and what procedures must be followed, in order to protect the diver and crew from the contaminate.
A written contaminant management plan should be prepared with input from one or more of the diving supervisors. The plan should;
name the contaminants,
describe the potential known health or safety risks that the contaminants pose to humans,
describe the required equipment and apparel to be used,
specify the locations of the exclusion zone, contaminated reduction zone and support zone,
outline the procedures to be followed by personnel in moving from one zone to another,
describe the emergency measures associated with the contaminants, where appropriate, and
outline procedures for obtaining, within an adequately short time, information on;
_ handling the contaminants, and
_ administering any emergency treatment that may become necessary as a result of exposure to the contaminant.
A copy of the plan should be posted at the dive site.
10.4 Equipment
When contaminates are present at a diving operation, divers must not use SCUBA and the divers and surface crew must use equipment that protects them from the contaminate.
A diver should use;
a surface-supplied diving helmet designed and suitable for the work,
a totally enclosed diving suit made of non-absorbing material that mates to the diving helmet with a positive seal and locking device,
a two-way voice communication system, and
protective devices, where practicable, to minimize exposure of the diving equipment to the contaminant.
Emergency breathing equipment should be provided to surface support personnel if there is a risk of inhaling contaminants during the diving operation.
Suitable apparel and equipment should be worn to prevent surface support personnel from being exposed to a contaminant.
An adequate means of safely decontaminating personnel should be available at the dive site.
The dive site should be equipped with adequate means and facilities for depositing contaminated clothing and equipment.
All equipment exposed to a contaminant should be regularly inspected for any deterioration prior to each dive.
The diaphragms of the first and second stage regulators should not be removed from the dive site unless authorized by the supervisor.
The equipment used in a contaminated environment should not be used in any subsequent diving operation unless it is free of all contaminants.
10.5 Work Zones
Work zones must be established at the dive site to control the contaminate, and to reduce the exposure of the contaminate to unprotected workers and equipment.
The dive site should have three clearly marked and adequately designed work zones as described below.
10.5.1 Exclusion Zone
An exclusion work zone for non-essential workers must be established where the contaminates are handled for disposal, and where the contaminated diver exits the water for decontamination.
The Exclusion Zone should be equipped to store, dispose or otherwise handle any contaminants at the dive site.
10.5.2 Contamination Reduction Zone
A contamination reduction work zone for contaminated for workers and equipment must be established where workers and equipment are cleaned.
The Contamination Reduction Zone should be equipped to permit;
personnel who have been or may have been exposed to a contaminant to dress and undress, and
equipment and personnel that have been or may have been exposed to a contaminant to be cleaned.
10.5.3 Support Zone
A support work zone where final cleaning and disposal of equipment occurs, must be established to ensure contaminated equipment does not re-enter the operation.
The Support Zone should be equipped for further cleaning or disposal of equipment that has been or may have been exposed to a contaminant.
10.5.4 Work Zone Procedures
Strict procedures must be followed by workers when working or moving from zone to zone, in order to ensure personnel are not subjected to the contaminate and equipment is not contaminated.
Only authorized persons should enter the contamination reduction zone, support zone or exclusion zone.
No food, drink or tobacco should be taken into, left, or consumed in the contamination reduction zone, support zone or exclusion zone.
Only persons wearing adequate personal protective equipment should enter the exclusion zone.
Personnel should only leave the exclusion zone through the contamination reduction zone or the support zone.
Contaminated equipment should be cleaned in the contamination reduction zone or support zone by personnel wearing adequate personal protective clothing.
10.6 Minimum Crew
A minimum of a four person diving crew must be present at the diving site, when contaminated diving operations are carried out.
A minimum of four persons should be present for each dive; one should be a diver, one a standby diver, one a diver's tender and one, a diving supervisor.
11. DIVING RECORDS
11.1 Diver/ADS Operator's Personal Logbook
Divers and ADS operators must keep logbooks up to date and at the diving site, and the logbooks must contain all information relevant to qualifications, experience and medical fitness.
NOTE: The following applies to ADS Operator, except for information relating to decompression
A diver/ADS operator's personal logbook should be available at the dive site.
A diver should keep a logbook that is permanently bound, has numbered pages and contains the diver's name, signature and photograph.
As soon as possible after each dive, a diver should enter the following information into his/her logbook;
the date of the dive,
the name of the diving contractor/employer, if any who conducted the dive,
the name of the operator/owner responsible for the dive,
the name/other designation and the location of the vessel or installation from which, or other dive site at which, the dive was conducted,
the supervisor's name/person-in-charge,
the maximum depth, bottom time and total time of the dive,
where applicable, the decompression table and the schedule in the table used and the decompression procedure followed,
the type of personal diving equipment used,
any injury suffered by the diver,
the work performed,
a description of any discomfort or illness, including decompression sickness, and
any other factor relevant to the diver's health and safety.
The diver should sign the logbook and request the supervisor to countersign it at soon as possible.
No alteration should be made to a logbook entry unless initiated by the diver and supervisor.
The diver should produce the logbook on request for inspection by an inspector or examining physician.
The diver should keep the logbook, diving certificate or equivalent, other evidence of qualification, certificate or other evidence of medical examination, and certification for CPR and basic first aid training with the logbook.
The diver should retain the logbook for two years after its last entry.
11.2 Supervisor's Logbook
Supervisor's logbooks must be kept up to date and at the diving site, and must contain all information relevant to his/her diving history, qualifications and experience.
NOTE: Applicable when dive depth is greater than 165 feet, or where required by the regulatory authority having jurisdiction.
The supervisor should keep a logbook that is permanently bound, with numbered pages and contains the name, signature and photograph of the supervisor.
As soon as possible after each dive, the supervisor should enter the following information into his/her logbook;
the date of the dive,
the name of the diving contractor/employer, if any who conducted the dive,
the name of operator/owner responsible for the dive,
the name/other designation and location of the vessel or installation from which, or other dive site at which, the dive was conducted,
the names of the divers/ADS Operator,
the breathing mixtures used,
the maximum depth, bottom time and total time of the dive,
the shallowest depth obtained by divers from an SCC or lock-out submersible,
the decompression table and the schedule in the table used and the decompression procedure followed,
the details of any medical care given and the type of therapeutic treatment used, if any,
any emergency in connection with the dive, and
any other factor relevant to the diver's health and safety.
The supervisor should sign the logbook and request the divers/ADS operator to countersign as soon as possible.
No alteration should be made to an entry unless initiated by a diver and the supervisor.
The supervisor should produce the logbook on request for inspection by an inspector.
The supervisor should keep the logbook, supervisor's certificate or equivalent, other evidence of qualification, and any certificate or other evidence of medical examination.
The supervisor should retain the logbook for two years after its last entry.
11.3 Daily Record
Immediately upon completion of any dive, the daily record for the diving operation must be completed, and contain the details and circumstances of the recently completed dive.
A daily record of the following information should be kept;
the name of the diving contractor/employer,
the name of the operator/owner,
the name/location of the vessel, installation, or dive site the dive is conducted from,
the date and the time of the dive,
the type of diving equipment used,
the breathing mixture used,
surface-leaving time,
bottom-arrival time,
bottom-leaving time,
the maximum depth attained,
surface-arrival time,
the time of surface interval if a repetitive dive is taken,
where applicable, the decompression tables used and the schedule used in the table,
where applicable, the records of certification and/or testing of hyperbaric chambers, SCCs and ADS,
whether a hyperbaric chamber used,
the names of divers,
the names of tenders,
the name of the standby diver,
unusual incidents,
the name and signature of the supervisor,
the procedures followed,
the environmental conditions,
the purpose of the dive,
underwater work site hazards,
the records of equipment examinations, tests and repairs done during the day,
where applicable, the record of hoisting device maintenance and examination done during the day,
a record of oxygen supply system cleaning done during the day,
any arrangement for medical advice or support used during the day,